David Datro Fofana: From Abidjan to Chelsea and the Fight In Between

From start to finish, Chelsea drove the story of 2023’s winter transfer window.  Like many a good story, this one was well-organized.  It began in north, where Chelsea spent €12M to purchase emerging striker David Datro Fofana from Norway’s Molde and flowed downstream to its conclusion in the south, where they handed Benfica €121M for …

Escape Room: Young MLS Signings and the Contracts that (May) Bind Them

Recently, Major League Soccer has signed several players under age 18 to lengthy (five-to-seven years) professional contracts.  While these contract terms exceed the maximum allowed by FIFA for under 18 players, the contracts are likely valid under US laws.  This article discusses creative solutions these players may have to free themselves from their long contracts.    …

Regulatory Analysis: FINRA Rule 3280 – Private Securities Transactions

The following is part of an occasional series on specific rules and regulations governing financial professions.  This article will analyze FINRA Rule 3280, which governs (and limits) private securities transactions by persons associated with a FINRA member (“associated persons” or “representatives”).  In general, the rule forbids representatives from participating in private securities transactions unless they …

Notes on Third-Party Influence: Confusion over the Level of Influence Prohibited

The following is another article in my series on third-party influence.  Previous articles in the series can be found, here, here, and here.     Once again, Article 18bis of FIFA’s RSTP forbids a club from entering into any transaction that may allow the counter-club or a third party to influence “in employment and transfer-related matters …

Notes on Third-Party Influence: Trying to Insure the Sell-on Fee

This article is part of a series on FIFA’s enforcement of Article 18bis in its Rules on the Status and Transfer of Players.  This rule forbids a club from entering into any transaction that may allow the counter-club or a third party to influence “in employment and transfer-related matters [the club’s] independence, [their] policies or …

Definition of a Security: The Investment Contract (Part II)

The following is Part II of my article on investment contracts.  It will analyze the final two elements of the Howey Test: The expectation of profit and profit derived from the efforts of others. Part I can be found here. Expectation of profits As confirmed by the Supreme Court, the definition of “profit” is broad …

Notes on Third-Party Influence: Consent and Rivals Clauses

FIFA’s Regulations on the Status and Transfer of Players include two provisions that restrict third-party influence on clubs: Article 18bis, which limits influence from other clubs, and Article 18ter, which limits influence from outside entities.  Through FIFA’s enforcement, these two rules have matured into a thick body of law – one that covers almost any …

Definition of a Security: It’s All in the Family (Resemblance Test)

This article is the first in an occasional series on the definition of a “security.”  The answer is important.  When a financial instrument qualifies as a security, it unlocks a set of laws and regulations that would not otherwise apply.  These include two statutes that are discussed extensively below: the Securities Act of 1933 and …

On Duty: A Franchisor’s Duty to Protect

Author’s Note: This article is part of an occasional series on liability issues facing the private security industry.  Two previous articles in the series addressed negligence claims for failure to protect a plaintiff against third-party attacks, specifically, the duty element of those claims.  These articles analyzed the duty owed by security guard companies and property …

Regulatory Analysis: FINRA Rule 3270 – Disclosure of Outside Business Activity (Part II)

This article is part of an occasional series on specific rules and regulations governing financial professions.  It is also the second in a multi-part analysis of FINRA Rule 3270.  Part II will analyze portions of the rule’s text that were not discussed in Part I, examine the content required for a notice under 3270 and …